Anru 安如

The majority of blockchains are rather receipt-like: you can show that it was received, but you can never utilize it without moving it off-chain and reconstructing the context yourself.
The thesis of Vanar Chain is different. When apps are executed by AI agents rather than the people pressing the buttons, the chain needs to be able to supply memory, as well as reasoning rather than just execution.
So Vanar presents itself as an AI native Layer1 stack designed on PayFi and tokenized real-world assets. In this data is formatted in the way machines can read it and take action on it.
The actual issue Vanar is addressing is that of dead files and fractured context.
We adore proof in Web3 yet we cannot be sure of meaning. IPFS PDF invoice is permanent but is a raw blob. A hash will verify integrity, but can not answer questions such as: is this invoice paid? does this document comply with the rules? is this user authorized to use this data? what has changed since last month? These are meaning questions, and the majority of the chains were never constructed to answer them.
Betting that the next wave of apps will not be users signing transactions, Vanar bets on it. Rather, AI agents will work in high volumes: checking the documents, verifying the rules, settling payment, and updating the states. To that end, the chain has to ensure that data is queryable and decision-ready.
Neutron: converting actual files into mini-sized so-called Seeds, which may be counterchecked and vetted.
Neutron is a semantic layer of compression. It does not save a complete file and breaks down unstructured data into small “Seeds that retain the meaning and become much smaller and verifiable.
Neutron According to Vanar, semantic, heuristic and algorithmic layers allow Neutron to reduce 25MB to approximately 50KB. The resulting Seeds are in-chain fully and can be used by the apps and agents.
This is a significant change of mindset. In case it succeeds, Neutron will be a data-to-object pipeline: raw documents are converted into concise and organized objects, which can be accessed by a program without any intermediate. That is modifying what is automatable. Instead of reading a PDF off-chain, one can make queries to a Seed and respond to it by an app.
Kayon: reasoning and compliance as a first-class citizen
Making things smaller is not the final objective. Kayon is an on-chain deduction layer, which permits natural-language queries, situational discernment, and automation of compliance, over Neutron and other frameworks.
According to Vanar himself, Kayon is contextual AI reasoning in Web3 and enterprise backends.
Why it is important: most projects are attaching AI to blockchains. Vanar introduces AI into the stack, thus logic is not simply an if/then rule but also context-aware checks, which check data and apply rules automatically.
Their documentation even states that they used Neutron using Kayon as a business-intelligence-like assistant. It relates to ordinary platforms and translates uncooked data into insights through natural language.
In simple words: Vanar prefers chain to be a place where data can be comprehended and acted upon rather than being referenced.
PayFi: the distribution strategy: normalize crypto payments.
Much AI + blockchain stories remain abstract. Vanar pegs its narrative on payments: PayFi, settlement and actual commerce.
The biggest indicator is the collaboration between Vanar and Worldpay, which is a giant payments provider handling many trillions of payments in numerous countries announced by Vanar.
The collaboration story will be pushing Web3 payments with the mainstream payment rails.
This is important since users experience friction at payments immediately. Assuming that Vanar is able to render the flow transparent - crypto in, compliance checks, settlement, and fiat out where necessary - that is a better way to actual use than another assertion that it can do it faster.
PayFi is a serious distribution lane even without considering any token price talk whatsoever. It makes a chain to be optimized towards reliability, predictable charges and compliance logic.
The strategic value of the agent-based activity of a fixed low fee.
Vanar package its lower chain as a fast and inexpensive transaction layer. Vanar points out predictable costs in their messaging related to Worldpay, using a fixed fee amount.
Cost predictability is relevant in an agent future than most people think. Volatile fees destroy automation in case an agent executes thousands of small actions (verify, check, settle, update).
A constant and low-rate model is less alluring on the Crypto Twitter, yet it is precisely what staid and dependable real payment flows require.
TVK – VANRY and why rebranding was included in the pivot.
Vanar was not born as VANRY. This project was transferred in a 1:1 swap between TVK and VANRY, and significant exchanges declared the new name and the token exchange.
The 1:1 swap ratio is also mentioned in the migration portal.
That is the beginning of the strategic shift: a shift towards a previous identity to a chain-first story based on AI-native infrastructure.
Whether you are a fan of rebrands or a hate U Give Me Back, in this instance the rebrand is closely linked to the new stack story (Neutron + Kayon + PayFi).
Not only is a new name, but it is a reinvention around a particular future: intelligent apps, document grade data and payment rails.
The new angle that one will overlook: Vanar is attempting to make data act like software.
Majority of the chains keep information as an archive. The data that Vanar wants to be is more of a software component: small, testable, queryable and usable by other programs without necessarily moving out of the chain.
Their vocabulary drives this to the point: data does not simply exist, it functions.
They define Neutron Seeds as agent and application semantic objects.
When such a concept takes a landing, it alters the meaning of on-chain
You have instead of store proof, compute elsewhere, store meaning, compute decisions.
Such is the reason why the story of Vanar cannot be compared to the conventional storage networks.
It is more aligned to the creation of an intelligent layer of data where compliance, finance, and real-world documentation can be consumed to make automated settlement and business logic.
Suppose you happen to judge Vanar not as a builder, but as a speculator, watch the following signs.
There is a grave method of assessing Vanar, which consists in discerning it without reference to buzzwords, and observing whether Neutron and Kayon are ever usable developer tools. Do architects really insert legal and financial papers in Seeds? Are those documents reliably retrieved by the agents? Will the process of compliance automation reduce the number of steps or increase complexity? Are the integrations in PayFi causing appreciably less checkout and settlement flows in real-life transactions?
In case of those elements, the positioning of Vanar begins to make sense: it is a chain that was created at the time when blockchains are not only programmable but also intelligent in their core.

#vanar $VANRY @Vanar

Majority of individuals envision blockchains as decentralized applications, non-fungible token games, and speculative currencies. Plasma XPL follows another route: a special layer of settlement of stablecoins is created. Instead of a general-purpose chain, it is a digital money internet scale infrastructure.
The need to have a specialized blockchain
A significant trend in digital assets is stablecoins. They serve as the de facto internet money of payments, remittances, commerce, and cross-border flows with hundreds of billions worth of supply and trillions of dollars worth of flows each month.
Nevertheless, the majority of stablecoin usage occurs on the blockchains that were not designed to perform this task. On Ethereum, Tron or Bitcoin-linked systems, users have to possess independent native tokens, such as ETH or TRX, to pay gas. They are also subjected to random charges, traffic and latency that complicate micro transactions.
The main observation of plasma is straightforward yet highly effective: the support of stablecoins cannot be a nice supplement but a protocol implementation. Should the stablecoins become money, the infrastructure on which they are built will need to consider them as first-class economic primitives. This is the belief behind all the decisions in the design of Plasma- consensus to tokenomics.
Free transfers of stablecoins: UX as a fundamental aim.
Zero-fee transfers of USDT are one of the headlines of Plasma. Plasma also spends gas at the protocol and unlike most blockchains, you send USDT without any native token, it uses a separate gas token.
This isn’t just a gimmick. Plasma will reduce the friction of onboarding through the removal of gas expenses on making payments in stablecoins, as well as those who believe in dollars instead of crypto tokens. The simplicity is an adoption force behind consumer finance, and Plasma provides this simplicity at the protocol level.
Technological backgrounds: PlasmaBFT, Reth and efficacy.
Plasma is designed in scale and reliability. It uses PlasmaBFT which is based on Fast HotStuff F-BFT providing sub-second finality and high throughput. The transaction rate of thousands per second can be attained, a requirement of payment rails and merchants structures globally.
In addition to consensus, the Ethereum Virtual Machine is executed by the Plasma execution layer through Reth client. This option allows developers to work with familiar tools - MetaMask, Hardhat, Foundry, and Solidity contracts without having to learn new paradigms. To the stablecoin issuers as well as the DeFi developers, Plasma is no longer a transfer chain, but a programmable money platform.
Personalized models of gas and flexibility of transactions.
Custom gas models are also introduced by plasma. Complex transactions that require whitelisted assets like USDT or BTC can be made by users as opposed to having to use XPL. Such design is based on the fact that users are interested in stablecoins and not in the native network token. Friction between digital and real-life use is further minimized by allowing fees in owned assets.
This flexibility also simplifies the awareness of wallets, merchant systems and fiat-on/off ramps, which are other significant components of the real financial infrastructure, and not just speculative trading. It is an indicator of a long-term vision: blockchains are to operate not only with markets but also money.
Bitcoin-secured security: centralized trust.
The trust-minimized Bitcoin bridge offered by plasma allows the representation of Bitcoin on the network by tokenized assets, such as pBTC. The chain synchronizes its state roots with Bitcoin on a regular basis, lending its high-security without hurting the performance of Plasma.
Many chains pursue decentralization as an end to itself, but Plasma aims at long-lasting trust by pegging itself on the security model of Bitcoin that is proven to be secure. In the case of stablecoins that should be censorship-resistant, transparent, and robust, this option increases the confidence of institutions.
Practical integrations and expanding ecosystem.
The mainnet beta of plasma was released on September 25, 2025, and the liquidity was 2 billion stablecoins the first day a record opening of a blockchain and an indication of high demand.
The network is also cross-chain swapping with NEAR Intents, with XPL and USDT0 being interconnected with a liquidity pool comprising more than 25 chains and 125 assets. This demonstrates that Plasma does not exist in isolation, alternatively, it is embedded in the larger cross-chain settlement cloth, the largest liquidity in which is high-volume.
DeFi frameworks like Pendle have been taken onto Plasma, which provides its users with yield strategies and fixed-income structures. These actions push Plasma past payments into more serious financial services meaning the value of the network can be increased as it is actually used, and not through speculation.
XPL tokenomics and economic reasoning.
The local currency XPL is the key to the economic structure of Plasma. Having a starting supply of 10 billion tokens, XPL will ensure the network is secured by staking, finance ecosystem development and operate more sophisticated operations that are not just simple gas-free transfers. Half the supply is used as follows: 40 percent of it is allocated to the ecosystem development, 10 percent to the sale to the population, and the rest will be given to the team and shareholders. Every plan is vested according to schedules in order to balance long-term incentives.
The reward mechanism, the inflationary feature that validates only starts working when staking is active, which means that the network security increases as the number of users increases. Since XPL is not a speculative asset but a fundamental coordination tool, it assists in ensuring that the rails of Plasma are secure, healthy and improvable as time goes by. This emphasis is what sets Plasma apart as compared to blockchains where token value is nothing more than hype.
In addition to remunerations: real life rails and Plasma One.
Plasma is striving to make the stablecoin rails a part of regular finances. Other projects include Stablecoins like Plasma One, an ecosystem of neobanks and cards, which enables them to save, spend, and earn in digital dollars. Benefits will be yield producing savings and cashback in international retailers. These products demonstrate the expansion of vision of the Plasma to go beyond blockchain abstraction to actual financial infrastructure so that it can be usable by those with no crypto knowledge.
Plasma highlights that the adoption of stablecoins will take off when the rails are linked to the real-life usage of money, not to developer tools alone, by adding new experiences to the core chain functionality such as consumer-finance.
A new prism on stablecoins and financial rails
It is not a technical ambition of Plasma, but institutional and economic. It poses another question than the majority of blockchains: What would a financial rail become, not a market-based one? Plasma, with zero-cost transfers, custom gas logic, though security pegged to Bitcoin, and a real value-oriented ecosystem, takes a step to create an infrastructure that resembles the expectations of the traditional finance of speed, predictability, accessibility, and trust.
The extent of the vision of Plasma will be known only with time. The methodology of the project, an attempt to address the real user-experience issues, align economic incentives, and connect payment rails to a programmable finance, is a unique stage in the development of blockchain.

#Plasma #plasma $XPL @Plasma

The majority of blockchains are rather receipt-like: you can show that it was received, but you can never utilize it without moving it off-chain and reconstructing the context yourself.
The thesis of Vanar Chain is different. When apps are executed by AI agents rather than the people pressing the buttons, the chain needs to be able to supply memory, as well as reasoning rather than just execution.
So Vanar presents itself as an AI native Layer1 stack designed on PayFi and tokenized real-world assets. In this data is formatted in the way machines can read it and take action on it.
The actual issue Vanar is addressing is that of dead files and fractured context.
We adore proof in Web3 yet we cannot be sure of meaning. IPFS PDF invoice is permanent but is a raw blob. A hash will verify integrity, but can not answer questions such as: is this invoice paid? does this document comply with the rules? is this user authorized to use this data? what has changed since last month? These are meaning questions, and the majority of the chains were never constructed to answer them.
Betting that the next wave of apps will not be users signing transactions, Vanar bets on it. Rather, AI agents will work in high volumes: checking the documents, verifying the rules, settling payment, and updating the states. To that end, the chain has to ensure that data is queryable and decision-ready.
Neutron: converting actual files into mini-sized so-called Seeds, which may be counterchecked and vetted.
Neutron is a semantic layer of compression. It does not save a complete file and breaks down unstructured data into small “Seeds that retain the meaning and become much smaller and verifiable.
Neutron According to Vanar, semantic, heuristic and algorithmic layers allow Neutron to reduce 25MB to approximately 50KB. The resulting Seeds are in-chain fully and can be used by the apps and agents.
This is a significant change of mindset. In case it succeeds, Neutron will be a data-to-object pipeline: raw documents are converted into concise and organized objects, which can be accessed by a program without any intermediate. That is modifying what is automatable. Instead of reading a PDF off-chain, one can make queries to a Seed and respond to it by an app.
Kayon: reasoning and compliance as a first-class citizen
Making things smaller is not the final objective. Kayon is an on-chain deduction layer, which permits natural-language queries, situational discernment, and automation of compliance, over Neutron and other frameworks.
According to Vanar himself, Kayon is contextual AI reasoning in Web3 and enterprise backends.
Why it is important: most projects are attaching AI to blockchains. Vanar introduces AI into the stack, thus logic is not simply an if/then rule but also context-aware checks, which check data and apply rules automatically.
Their documentation even states that they used Neutron using Kayon as a business-intelligence-like assistant. It relates to ordinary platforms and translates uncooked data into insights through natural language.
In simple words: Vanar prefers chain to be a place where data can be comprehended and acted upon rather than being referenced.
PayFi: the distribution strategy: normalize crypto payments.
Much AI + blockchain stories remain abstract. Vanar pegs its narrative on payments: PayFi, settlement and actual commerce.
The biggest indicator is the collaboration between Vanar and Worldpay, which is a giant payments provider handling many trillions of payments in numerous countries announced by Vanar.
The collaboration story will be pushing Web3 payments with the mainstream payment rails.
This is important since users experience friction at payments immediately. Assuming that Vanar is able to render the flow transparent - crypto in, compliance checks, settlement, and fiat out where necessary - that is a better way to actual use than another assertion that it can do it faster.
PayFi is a serious distribution lane even without considering any token price talk whatsoever. It makes a chain to be optimized towards reliability, predictable charges and compliance logic.
The strategic value of the agent-based activity of a fixed low fee.
Vanar package its lower chain as a fast and inexpensive transaction layer. Vanar points out predictable costs in their messaging related to Worldpay, using a fixed fee amount.
Cost predictability is relevant in an agent future than most people think. Volatile fees destroy automation in case an agent executes thousands of small actions (verify, check, settle, update).
A constant and low-rate model is less alluring on the Crypto Twitter, yet it is precisely what staid and dependable real payment flows require.
TVK – VANRY and why rebranding was included in the pivot.
Vanar was not born as VANRY. This project was transferred in a 1:1 swap between TVK and VANRY, and significant exchanges declared the new name and the token exchange.
The 1:1 swap ratio is also mentioned in the migration portal.
That is the beginning of the strategic shift: a shift towards a previous identity to a chain-first story based on AI-native infrastructure.
Whether you are a fan of rebrands or a hate U Give Me Back, in this instance the rebrand is closely linked to the new stack story (Neutron + Kayon + PayFi).
Not only is a new name, but it is a reinvention around a particular future: intelligent apps, document grade data and payment rails.
The new angle that one will overlook: Vanar is attempting to make data act like software.
Majority of the chains keep information as an archive. The data that Vanar wants to be is more of a software component: small, testable, queryable and usable by other programs without necessarily moving out of the chain.
Their vocabulary drives this to the point: data does not simply exist, it functions.
They define Neutron Seeds as agent and application semantic objects.
When such a concept takes a landing, it alters the meaning of on-chain
You have instead of store proof, compute elsewhere, store meaning, compute decisions.
Such is the reason why the story of Vanar cannot be compared to the conventional storage networks.
It is more aligned to the creation of an intelligent layer of data where compliance, finance, and real-world documentation can be consumed to make automated settlement and business logic.
Suppose you happen to judge Vanar not as a builder, but as a speculator, watch the following signs.
There is a grave method of assessing Vanar, which consists in discerning it without reference to buzzwords, and observing whether Neutron and Kayon are ever usable developer tools. Do architects really insert legal and financial papers in Seeds? Are those documents reliably retrieved by the agents? Will the process of compliance automation reduce the number of steps or increase complexity? Are the integrations in PayFi causing appreciably less checkout and settlement flows in real-life transactions?
In case of those elements, the positioning of Vanar begins to make sense: it is a chain that was created at the time when blockchains are not only programmable but also intelligent in their core.

#vanar $VANRY @Vanar

Majority of blockchains attempt to be all things, payments, DeFi, NFTs games, identity, even a world computer. Plasma takes a sharper focus. It begins with the fact that the stablecoins such as the USDT already serve as the dollar of the internet. Time to save, send and settle across boundaries, and yet the infrastructure is still cumbersome. You tend to incur an extra gas payment, charges are higher at peak times, and sending money is like a developer console.
Plasma is a Layer-1 constructed to deal with the pain in question. It is stable-coin infrastructure to make global and high volume payments, and it is entirely EVM-compatible to allow developers to continue using the tools familiar to them.
The thesis: Cryptocurrency hype is not guaranteed to the users of stable coins.
Individuals do not jump out of bed in need of gas tokens. They desire three things; quick transfers, reliable cost, and money free of drama. The usage of stable-coins is already enormous since it has price stability and is global, yet most networks are not yet optimized to use stable-coins in the first place.
The basic concept of plasma has it that in the case that stable-coins are becoming common internet money, the chain underneath them must handle transfers of stable-coins as first-class, not as an experiment in the token slot. This is the reason Plasma advocates a design of a stable coin-native instead of a generic trade-off.
Free transfer of USDT is not a marketing gimmick, but rather a matter of design.
In the title of Plasma, the pledge of a series of no-fee USDT transfers embedded within the chain is contained. The point isn’t just “cheaper.” It’s eliminating a mental tax. Stable-coins seem like non-transparent applications rather than money when the user needs to have ETH, TRX, or SOL on standby “just in case.
This is important because, as explained in the documentation of Plasma, fee friction prevents the adoption of stable-coins, particularly in small or frequent transactions. Elimination of fees makes wallets avoid the complexity of gas-tokens and enables micro-payments, and commerce flows to be realistic.
The longer term is to ensure that stable-coins will be perceived as a utility rather than an investment product. Normal payments will result in natural growth in usage, a dull but more sustainable growth over time.
The compatibility between EVM and payments to programmable money reduces the gap between payment and programmable money.
Payments alone aren’t enough. A stable-coin rail will be powerful in the case of being programmable. That is why Plasma embraces complete EVM support: it attracts the biggest developer ecosystem and provides the available apps with a smooth way into deployment.
The economic future of the stable-coin economy does not look like a version of send USDT. It consists of payroll which is divided into savings, merchant tools which are settled immediately, subscriptions which enforce money back and global marketplaces which escrow money with simple rules. Stable-coin movement becomes programmable money whilst still being compatible with EVM, without compelling developers to reinvent the wheel.
It is the story of trust and not vibes that is anchored to Bitcoin.
It is simple to pitch speed, but difficult to trust.
The security model with which Plasma reiterates the connection to Bitcoin is a so-called trust-reduced Bitcoin bridge that allows the use of BTC in smart contracts. Bitcoin secures the chain of permanence and neutrality.
The purpose of Plasma can be stated as follows: take the battle-proven brand of Bitcoin and create a chain of payments that users will experience as something contemporary, fast, and easy to develop. Details are arguable, but the fundamental logic is straightforward: in case stable-coins are going to be taken seriously as money, we require to have the best settlement and security narratives.
XPL: it is not simply gas, but a payments economy coordination tool.
XPL is the native token of plasma, the network token of transaction and validator rewards such as the base assets of other chains.
A base token plays a vexed part in a stable-coin-first world. The users desire to exist in the stable-coins, however the network requires incentives, security payments and governance systems. XPL serves that purpose: that is maintaining the stable-coin rail plausible instead of causing a price frenzy.
This is the reason why it is possible to have zero fee stable-coin transfers and utility of tokens. Plasma is not asserting that the network is free to use, but insists that the charge load does not befall a person sending his or her relatives 20. Security and infrastructure costs are managed with the help of the validator economics, network design and monetizing non-core activity.
Actual adoption cries are much more than slogans.
One method to rank infrastructure projects is based on who is early integrating. Custody and settlement partners have less appreciation of retail hype and more of reliability. Cobo, one of the largest providers of digital-asset custodians, announced an integration, which put Plasma and its lifetime stable-coin transfer cost 0 in the spotlight and made it a stable-coin payment chain, referring to USDT0 in the statement.
Take this as an actual indicator Plasma is playing to win the game of plumbing layer. Adoption of plumbing layers is usually initiated by institutions, custodians and payment-style workflows, and then made apparent to the end users.
The most important question is whether Plasma is able to make stablecoins transparent.
This is how Plasma Will reposition itself as a pro. It is not intended to persuade the world to open a new chain, rather it conceals the chain behind a basic user experience: open a wallet, transfer digital dollars, that is all.
The educational content created by Plasma focuses on usefulness and rapidity: almost instant confirmations, a coin-first approach, and the transfer of the USDT fees.
Provided the success, Plasma will not appear as the other successful stories in crypto. It will resemble down-to-earth money on the run. This is why the opportunity is important: the majority of international payments remain slow, expensive, and limited to the region. The global issue has already been dealt with by stablecoins. The easy part is addressed by plasma.
What could then go wrong and why that still does not kill the thesis.
Critical educational article should provide the risks in the open.
To start with, a stablecoin-first strategy is also one that is stablecoin-dependent. Should regulation, issuer policy or market structure change around USDT, a chain constructed around it will need to change rapidly. In plasma, a more inclusive stablecoin strategy is involved, although USDT still comes first.
Second, the free transfers cause a sustainability concern. Although users may not pay anything, someone will have to pay spam protection and incentives to validate. The solution provided by Plasma will be based on the idea of architecture and token economics, yet the balance over time will be tried in real network settings, rather than on blog posts.
Third, competition is real. USDT transfers are dominated today by Tron and other fast chains and L2s continue to be enhanced. The plasma bets on specialization to be superior over generalization as the market becomes established.
All these risks do not eliminate the main concept they only increase the standards. That is healthy. Money rails is not a meme, it is infrastructure and has to qualify as infrastructure.
Why Plasma is worth the attention of the builders and serious users.
Plasma is interesting in that it tries to enable stablecoins to behave as a real internet-layer of payment. It has such features as stablecoin-First contracts, a fee-free transfer of USDT, programmability using EVM, a security story associated with the credibility of Bitcoin.
Novelty is not the true value but focus. Attention in crypto is scarce and it is generally stronger than newness.
#Plasma #plasma $XPL
@Plasma

Hầu hết các blockchain phát hiện ra điểm yếu của chúng một cách công khai. Một tính năng được triển khai, mức sử dụng tăng lên, và chỉ sau đó các trường hợp ngoại lệ mới lộ diện - thường là thông qua tổn thất, thời gian chết, hoặc sửa chữa khẩn cấp. Plasma đi một con đường ít kịch tính hơn. Nó xem việc triển khai thực tế là bước cuối cùng, chứ không phải là bước đầu tiên.
Plasma được xây dựng dựa trên giả định rằng các hệ thống phức tạp nên được khám phá dưới áp lực trước khi vốn được đưa ra. Thay vì phụ thuộc vào sự lạc quan và các chu kỳ vá lỗi, Plasma nghiêng nhiều vào thiết kế dựa trên mô phỏng.
Lựa chọn này không tạo ra tiêu đề. Nó âm thầm thay đổi chất lượng của mọi thứ tiếp theo.

Trong văn hóa blockchain, khả năng kết hợp thường được coi là một điều tốt không thể nghi ngờ. Nhiều tích hợp hơn, nhiều phụ thuộc hơn, nhiều thứ kết nối lại với nhau với tốc độ — ý tưởng là sự cởi mở tự động dẫn đến đổi mới. Qua thời gian, tuy nhiên, nhiều hệ sinh thái phát hiện ra một sự thật không thoải mái: khả năng kết hợp không giới hạn có thể âm thầm biến thành sự mong manh không giới hạn.
Vanar Chain tiếp cận khả năng kết hợp với một sự kiềm chế không bình thường. Thay vì tối đa hóa số lượng kết nối, nó tập trung vào cách mà các kết nối bị giới hạn. Sự phân biệt này nghe có vẻ tinh tế, nhưng nó có những hậu quả sâu sắc đối với cách mà mạng lưới phát triển.