Fogo Blockchain Is Not Trying to Win the Hype Race. It Is Preparing to Win the Performance War.
The blockchain industry no longer suffers from a lack of infrastructure. It suffers from a lack of meaningful differentiation. Every new Layer-1 claims higher throughput, lower fees, and faster confirmation times. Yet most of these claims exist only under controlled conditions. The real test of infrastructure is not theoretical speed. It is stability under constant, unpredictable, real-world pressure.
This is where Fogo Blockchain takes a different path.
Fogo does not attempt to reinvent execution. It does not introduce experimental programming environments or unfamiliar architectures that force developers to start over. Instead, it builds on the Solana Virtual Machine, one of the few execution models already proven to handle high-frequency, parallel workloads at scale.
This decision is not about imitation. It is about realism.
The Solana Virtual Machine was designed around parallel execution. Unlike traditional blockchains that process transactions sequentially, SVM allows independent transactions to run simultaneously. This removes one of the most fundamental bottlenecks in blockchain design. Sequential execution creates queues. Queues create delays. Delays create congestion and higher costs.
Parallel execution removes the queue.
Fogo adopts this execution model because it aligns with the future direction of digital systems. The next generation of blockchain demand will not come primarily from human interaction. It will come from automated systems. Trading algorithms operating continuously. On-chain games managing thousands of concurrent state updates. AI agents coordinating tasks and exchanging value autonomously. Machine-driven systems do not pause. They generate constant load.
Infrastructure must be designed for sustained activity, not occasional bursts.
Many networks perform well when idle or lightly used. The real weakness appears when activity becomes continuous. Under sustained pressure, inefficient systems begin to slow down. Transaction confirmation times increase. Fees become unpredictable. Reliability decreases.
This is not a scaling problem in theory. It is a scaling problem in practice.
Fogo addresses this by focusing on execution efficiency at the network level. It is not attempting to introduce complexity for the sake of novelty. Instead, it concentrates on improving the ability to handle sustained throughput without degradation.
This is an important distinction.
Innovation in blockchain often focuses on new features, new programming languages, or new consensus mechanisms. While experimentation has value, it also introduces risk. New environments require new tooling. Developers must learn unfamiliar systems. Security auditing becomes more difficult. Mistakes become more likely.
Fogo avoids these risks by aligning itself with an execution environment developers already understand.
Compatibility with the Solana Virtual Machine provides immediate advantages. Developers familiar with Solana tooling can transition without retraining. Existing development workflows remain usable. Security practices developed within the SVM ecosystem remain relevant. This reduces friction and accelerates adoption.
Adoption is rarely limited by technical capability alone. It is limited by accessibility.
Developers prefer infrastructure that allows them to build quickly and confidently. Learning entirely new architectures creates delays and increases development cost. Familiar environments remove these barriers.
Fogo understands that performance without accessibility has limited value.
There is also a broader strategic logic behind this approach. Blockchain evolution does not always come from radical redesign. Often, it comes from refinement. Optimizing proven systems can produce greater real-world impact than introducing entirely new ones.
This pattern appears across all major technological advances. Internet protocols evolved through optimization rather than replacement. Processor performance improved through architectural efficiency rather than constant reinvention. Stability and efficiency often outperform novelty over time.
Blockchain infrastructure is now entering that phase.
The early years of crypto focused on proving that decentralized systems could exist. The current phase focuses on improving usability and scalability. The next phase will focus on reliability under continuous load.
This transition reflects a shift in how blockchain will be used.
Early blockchain usage was dominated by speculation and token transfers. Future usage will involve continuous operational systems. Financial automation platforms. Autonomous digital marketplaces. Persistent gaming environments. Machine-to-machine economic interaction.
These systems require consistent performance. Not occasional speed.
Fogo positions itself as infrastructure designed for sustained execution rather than occasional throughput bursts. This distinction matters because sustained execution reveals weaknesses that benchmark tests cannot.
Benchmarks measure maximum capacity under controlled conditions. Real usage tests stability under unpredictable conditions.
Infrastructure must survive unpredictability.
Another important aspect of Fogo’s strategy is ecosystem alignment. Instead of competing directly with existing developer communities, it integrates with a mature execution ecosystem. The Solana developer base already possesses extensive experience with parallel execution models. Tooling, documentation, and development practices are well established.
This reduces the time required for ecosystem growth.
New blockchains often struggle because they must build developer ecosystems from zero. This process can take years. Even strong technical platforms fail without sufficient developer participation.
Fogo removes this barrier by aligning with an existing execution standard.
This does not mean Fogo lacks its own identity. Its differentiation lies in optimization and infrastructure design focused specifically on high-performance execution scenarios. Rather than attempting to serve every possible use case, it focuses on environments where continuous throughput matters most.
Specialization creates strength.
General-purpose systems often sacrifice efficiency to maintain flexibility. Specialized systems achieve higher performance by optimizing for specific workloads.
Fogo follows the specialized model.
The broader blockchain industry increasingly recognizes that infrastructure quality determines long-term viability. Users ultimately prioritize reliability, cost efficiency, and responsiveness. Developers prioritize stability and predictable performance. Speculative narratives attract temporary attention, but sustained usage depends on functional reliability.
Infrastructure determines survival.
Performance will soon shift from being a marketing metric to becoming a baseline requirement. As automated systems increase blockchain activity, networks unable to handle sustained execution will struggle to remain relevant.
Fogo appears designed with this future in mind.
It does not attempt to disrupt existing execution logic. It strengthens it. It does not prioritize novelty over functionality. It prioritizes execution efficiency over narrative appeal.
This reflects a mature engineering philosophy.
Technological progress often comes from improving foundational layers rather than replacing them. Strengthening execution capacity enables higher-level innovation. Without reliable infrastructure, advanced applications cannot function effectively.
Infrastructure enables everything above it.
Fogo’s approach suggests recognition of this reality. By focusing on execution scalability and developer accessibility, it positions itself as infrastructure capable of supporting the next generation of blockchain applications.
The future of blockchain will not be defined by theoretical maximum speed. It will be defined by sustained operational reliability.
Systems that function continuously without degradation will form the foundation of machine-driven digital economies.
Fogo is not trying to win attention through promises.
It is preparing to handle pressure through performance.
By using SVM, Fogo removes unnecessary friction. Developers already familiar with SVM can build faster, deploy faster, and scale without relearning everything.
This isn’t hype-driven design. It’s infrastructure-first thinking.
Most L1s compete on benchmarks. Fogo is positioning around reliability and sustained execution.
And in the long run, that’s what separates temporary narratives from lasting networks.
Performance isn’t the story. Performance is the baseline.
When Silence Breaks Trust: Why the Future of Blockchain Belongs to Chains That Can Speak
Today is Valentine’s Day. A day usually filled with words, confessions, and emotional clarity. Yet, strangely, it also reminds us of something deeper about communication itself. Because whether in love, in business, or in trading, the most painful moment is not disagreement. It is silence.
It is the moment when you ask a question and receive nothing in return. No explanation. No context. No feedback. Just emptiness.
This exact silence defines the current relationship between AI agents and most public blockchains.
For years, blockchain innovation has focused on one primary goal: speed. Higher TPS. Faster confirmations. Lower latency. Chains competed to become faster than their competitors, like highways racing toward infinity. But they overlooked something critical. Speed alone does not create intelligence. Speed alone does not create understanding.
Imagine an AI agent interacting with a traditional blockchain. It sends a transaction. The transaction fails. But the chain does not explain why. Was it insufficient gas? A contract logic rejection? A permission issue? The AI does not know. It receives no explanation. Only failure.
This creates a loop of blind trial and error.
The chain acts like a silent machine. It records actions, but it does not communicate intentions. It stores data, but it does not provide meaning. For humans, this is inconvenient. For AI agents, it is crippling.
Because AI does not simply need execution. AI needs context.
Without context, intelligence cannot evolve.
This is where a new philosophy is beginning to emerge, and Vanar represents one of its most aggressive expressions.
Vanar challenges the fundamental assumption that speed is the ultimate metric of blockchain superiority. Instead, it introduces a more profound concept: cognitive infrastructure.
Through integrations like Neutron and OpenClaw, Vanar is attempting to transform the blockchain from a passive ledger into an active participant. Instead of simply processing transactions, the chain can retain context, preserve interaction history, and provide meaningful feedback.
In simple terms, the chain begins to “speak.”
It can communicate state. It can provide reasoning. It can retain memory of interactions.
This changes everything.
When a blockchain can explain itself, AI agents no longer operate blindly. They operate intelligently. They can adapt, learn, and optimize their behavior in real time. The chain becomes more than a database. It becomes a partner.
This marks a shift from infrastructure to cognition.
Historically, blockchains functioned like filing cabinets. They stored information efficiently but did not interpret it. Vanar proposes something different: a blockchain that understands its own state and can communicate it externally.
This may sound like a small technical upgrade, but in reality, it represents a paradigm shift.
The future economy will not be dominated solely by human users. It will increasingly be driven by AI agents. These agents will execute trades, manage assets, operate services, and interact with decentralized applications autonomously.
For this agent-driven economy to function, infrastructure must evolve.
Speed will matter, but explainability will matter more.
A chain that processes transactions quickly but cannot explain its own logic will remain limited. It will remain a tool. But a chain that can communicate context becomes something more. It becomes an environment where intelligent agents can operate safely and efficiently.
This is why Vanar’s current position in the market is interesting.
At a relatively low valuation, many participants still view it through the lens of traditional blockchain metrics. They compare TPS, fees, and compatibility. But they may be missing the deeper narrative.
Vanar is not only competing on speed. It is competing on awareness.
It is attempting to create infrastructure that aligns with the needs of AI-native systems.
Most people do not recognize the importance of this shift yet. Markets often take time to understand foundational innovation. They react quickly to hype, but slowly to structural transformation.
The real competition among blockchains in the coming years may not be about who is fastest. It may be about who is most understandable.
Who can provide context.
Who can communicate.
Who can support intelligent agents without forcing them into blind interaction loops.
Because in the end, intelligence cannot thrive in silence.
It thrives in dialogue.
Just like in relationships, trust is built through communication. When both sides understand each other, cooperation becomes efficient, predictable, and meaningful.
Blockchain is entering that same phase of evolution.
From silent ledgers to conversational infrastructure.
From passive settlement layers to active cognitive environments.
Vanar represents one of the earliest attempts to break that silence.
And in a world increasingly driven by AI, the chains that can speak may ultimately become the chains that lead. @Vanarchain $VANRY #Vanar
For years, most public blockchains have focused on speed, TPS, and scalability. But let’s be honest—speed alone doesn’t solve the real problem.
The biggest issue today? Blockchains are still black boxes for AI.
AI can read inputs and outputs, but it cannot fully understand what happens inside smart contracts. There is no clear reasoning, no explainable logic, and no transparent decision trail. This lack of explainability limits real enterprise adoption.
Vanar is taking a different path.
Instead of competing only on performance, Vanar is introducing protocol-level cognitive infrastructure. Their approach focuses on making on-chain processes more understandable and reviewable by AI itself.
Key innovations include:
• On-chain reasoning support • Transparent contract interpretation • Memory-enabled protocol architecture • Improved AI auditability and explainability
This means AI won’t just execute instructions—it will be able to understand, verify, and explain blockchain activity.
This is a major shift.
As enterprises move toward regulated AI systems in late 2026 and beyond, explainable and auditable infrastructure will become essential. Blockchains that cannot provide transparency may struggle to remain relevant.
Fogo: Bridging the Gap Between Traditional Finance and DeFi with High-Performance Blockchain
In the rapidly evolving world of finance, speed is everything. As markets grow and technology advances, traders, investors, and institutions need the ability to execute trades faster and with greater efficiency to stay competitive. Traditional finance systems, such as NASDAQ and high-frequency trading (HFT) desks, operate with remarkable speed, executing trades in microseconds and ensuring near-instant settlement, minimal slippage, and highly coordinated systems across global markets. However, while these systems have the advantage of decades of infrastructure and optimization, decentralized finance (DeFi), despite its revolutionary capabilities, has struggled to keep up due to inherent challenges like blockchain latency, MEV (miner extractable value) risks, high gas costs, and slower finality.
These issues in DeFi have hindered its adoption, particularly in institutional settings, where speed, reliability, and security are paramount. But now, there’s a game-changing solution on the horizon: Fogo Chain.
Fogo Chain: The Answer to DeFi’s Performance Challenges
At its core, Fogo is a high-performance Layer 1 blockchain built on the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This design choice mirrors the success of Ethereum’s own Virtual Machine (EVM), with Fogo focusing on addressing the performance issues that have traditionally plagued blockchain networks in the DeFi space. Unlike most blockchains, which struggle with latency, high costs, and sluggish transaction finality, Fogo aims to close the performance gap between decentralized and traditional financial systems, providing an execution speed akin to that of NASDAQ and centralized crypto exchanges (CEXs) such as Binance, but with the key advantages of decentralization and self-custody.
Fogo’s Vision: Bridging TradFi and DeFi
What truly sets Fogo apart is its ability to bring the speed of traditional finance (TradFi) and the openness of decentralized finance (DeFi) together in one seamless, high-performance blockchain. The founders, Douglas Colkitt and Robert Sagurton, who bring with them vast experience from Wall Street and the crypto infrastructure space, have built Fogo specifically to address the performance bottlenecks that have limited DeFi’s scalability and adoption.
By combining institutional trading expertise with cutting-edge blockchain technology, Fogo delivers TradFi-like execution speeds while maintaining the core principles of decentralization and composability. This innovation means that users can trade on-chain with the same level of efficiency and speed as they would on centralized exchanges or traditional markets, but without the risk of custody issues or the inherent downtime that often plagues centralized platforms.
Fogo’s vision is to enable decentralized trading ecosystems where traders, institutions, and retail users can experience real-time trading, akin to what’s offered by NASDAQ or other institutional platforms, but in a fully decentralized environment. With Fogo, there’s no longer a need to choose between the security and transparency of blockchain and the performance of traditional finance.
Key Features of Fogo
Solana Virtual Machine (SVM):
Fogo leverages the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM), the backbone of one of the most performant blockchains in the crypto space. SVM allows Fogo to handle high-throughput transactions, offering scalability and speed at levels that were once only achievable by centralized systems. This integration means that Fogo can offer low-latency, high-throughput trading, making it an attractive option for traders and institutions alike. Institutional-Grade Performance:
Fogo is not trying to be just another blockchain. Unlike many other DeFi chains that attempt to be jack-of-all-trades, Fogo focuses specifically on becoming the go-to platform for financial applications. It was built with performance in mind, ensuring that trading speeds match what’s seen on centralized exchanges like NASDAQ or Binance, while also delivering the transparency, decentralization, and self-custody features that have made DeFi so appealing. Decentralization Without Sacrificing Speed:
One of the biggest challenges facing decentralized networks is that they often struggle to scale while maintaining decentralization. However, Fogo’s architecture allows it to optimize performance without sacrificing the core principles of blockchain. This makes it possible to offer centralized exchange-like trading speeds while retaining security, openness, and trustlessness. Eliminating Custody Risks:
On centralized exchanges, users have to entrust their funds to the exchange, exposing them to risks like hacking or mismanagement. Fogo’s decentralized nature ensures that users retain full control over their assets, providing a level of security that centralized exchanges cannot offer. This means that traders can experience the same performance as they would on centralized exchanges but without the fear of losing custody of their funds. Enhanced Composability:
Composability refers to the ability of different DeFi protocols to work together seamlessly. With Fogo, developers can integrate their decentralized applications (dApps) with ease, knowing that the platform is built for high-performance use cases. Fogo’s architecture makes it possible for dApps to scale as their user base grows, while maintaining the same low-latency trading experience.
Real-World Impact of Fogo
While many blockchain projects claim to revolutionize the space, Fogo is grounded in a very practical mission: it aims to bridge the gap between TradFi and DeFi by combining speed with decentralization. This allows Fogo to unlock trillions of dollars in potential value, offering a solution that appeals not only to retail investors but also to large institutional players.
The real-world implications of Fogo’s innovation are immense. By offering NASDAQ-like speeds with DeFi’s openness, Fogo is positioning itself as the platform of choice for institutional traders, hedge funds, and asset managers who are looking to tap into the potential of blockchain technology without compromising on performance. Additionally, by solving blockchain latency issues, Fogo opens up new opportunities for high-frequency trading, derivatives markets, and liquidity provision — sectors that have long been out of reach for decentralized networks.
Fogo’s performance doesn’t just benefit institutions. Retail traders will also experience faster, more efficient trading, and the added benefit of retaining full custody of their assets. This makes Fogo a game-changer for anyone looking to trade in a decentralized ecosystem but with the speed and efficiency that has long been a hallmark of centralized platforms.
The Road Ahead
Fogo’s innovative technology is just the beginning. The team behind Fogo is already working on several strategic partnerships and real-world use cases to ensure that the network continues to evolve and scale. As blockchain technology becomes more ingrained in the financial system, Fogo is poised to play a crucial role in shaping the future of finance, offering a seamless experience where traditional financial systems and the decentralized world coexist and thrive together.
This is the future of finance — and with Fogo, that future is faster, more secure, and more decentralized than ever before. Don’t miss your chance to be part of this groundbreaking revolution.
Take Action Now
If you’re ready to be part of the blockchain revolution and experience institutional-grade performance with the power of decentralization, it’s time to invest in $FOGO . This is your opportunity to position yourself for future success.
Buy $FOGO now and take your portfolio to the next level.
Fogo stands out by prioritizing performance from the start. Built around the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM), Fogo leverages a proven environment for fast, scalable execution without reinventing the wheel.
The Solana VM is well-tested under real-world conditions, making it familiar to developers and allowing them to build faster without relearning execution logic. Fogo removes the limitations found on slower blockchains, where features get cut and throughput becomes a constant negotiation.
With Fogo, developers focus on enhancing user experiences, running real-time apps, and supporting high-frequency interactions. It’s not just about speed; it’s about maintaining performance under pressure — consistently.
Fogo positions itself as a reliable infrastructure that handles load, shifting the conversation from “Can this run?” to “How far can we push it?”
Schimbarea strategică a lui Vanar: Memoria ca cheia creșterii globale a IA
În discuțiile recente privind IA și integrarea sa în industrii, o plângere particulară a rezonat profund cu cei din logistică transfrontalieră. Un profesionist din industrie a împărtășit recent frustrările sale, subliniind „independența” sistemelor de servicii pentru clienți bazate pe IA. Aceste sisteme, în ciuda eficienței lor ridicate, nu au reușit să ia în considerare detalii critice specifice clientului dintr-o comandă anterioară, rezultând în erori care au costat sute de mii în greșeli de expediere și inexactități de preț. Observația sa - inteligența discontinuă a IA ar putea deveni un risc semnificativ în industriile unde precizia este esențială - a deschis o nouă perspectivă asupra limitărilor IA.
#fogo $FOGO Proiectele timpurii cu un real moment sunt întotdeauna remarcabile, iar @Fogo Official construiește exact acest tip de energie. Creșterea comunității, actualizările constante și viziunea puternică din spatele $FOGO arată că acesta nu este doar un alt hype pe termen scurt. Îl păstrez pe lista mea de observație pe măsură ce ecosistemul se extinde. Mișcările mari încep adesea în liniște. 🔥 #fog
Fogo: O Viziune pe Termen Lung Care Prinde Formă în Spațiul Cripto
Piața criptomonedelor se mișcă repede, iar atenția se mută rapid de la un proiect la altul. Într-un astfel de mediu, doar câteva proiecte reușesc să construiască un impuls real și durabil. @fogo iese în evidență ca unul dintre acele proiecte care nu depinde de hype-ul temporar, ci se concentrează pe creștere constantă, dezvoltarea unei comunități puternice și o direcție clară pe termen lung. Interesul în creștere pentru FOGO reflectă o narațiune mai profundă bazată pe consistență, vizibilitate și expansiune treptată a ecosistemului.
Mergând la un parc de distracții este mult mai distractiv când obții un „bilet” cu acces total și poți să te bucuri de tot fără a-ți face griji cu privire la taxe suplimentare. Dar adevărata dezamăgire apare când trebuie să plătești din nou doar pentru a urca pe carusel.
Exact așa se simte ecosistemul actual de blockchain public—fiecare acțiune necesită taxe de gaz, ceea ce poate fi frustrant pentru utilizatorii care doar vor să se distreze și să exploreze.
Vanarchain revoluționează spațiul Web3 prin introducerea unui sistem de „bilet” cu tokenul său $VANRY . În loc să perceapă taxe pentru fiecare interacțiune mică, Vanarchain permite dezvoltatorilor de proiecte să acopere costurile de bază, permițând utilizatorilor să se angajeze liber fără a se gândi constant la portofelele lor.
Această abordare „uită-ți-portofelul” este exact ceea ce sectorul de divertisment Web3 ar trebui să aspire—facilitând o experiență mai lină, mai plăcută și mai accesibilă pentru toată lumea.
Ruperea din Lobotomia Digitală: Viziunea lui Vanar pentru Suveranitatea Memoriei AI
În urmă cu câteva zile, un prieten apropiat de-al meu, un fotograf, s-a descompus la o petrecere. Contul său cloud a fost interzis permanent pentru o încălcare minoră a partajării - o decizie care, în cuvintele sale, a fost o „eroare de judecată.” Într-o clipă, zece ani din munca sa, amintiri neprețuite și toate documentele sale profesionale au dispărut. Fără apel. Fără recuperare. Doar pierdut.
Privindu-l în acel moment, nu m-am putut abține să nu mă gândesc la realitatea dură a vieților noastre digitale: în lumea centralizată de astăzi, nu deținem cu adevărat amintirile noastre. Ele aparțin serverului. În orice moment, o platformă poate șterge trecutul tău, lăsându-te ca o „persoană albă”.
Gândește-te la asta pentru un moment: De ce absolvenții de doctorat proaspăt diplomați câștigă salarii mari, în timp ce experții cu experiență, precum practicanții de medicină tradițională chineză sau avocații seniori, percep mii pentru timpul lor?
Răspunsul se află în puterea experienței.
Absolvenții de doctorat proaspăt au creiere computaționale impresionante (puterea rapidă), dar profesioniștii cu experiență? Ei poartă valoarea supremă—date care au fost construite și rafinate de-a lungul anilor de practică în lumea reală.
Experiență = Dobândă Compușă În Timp
Aici este unde @Vanarchain ’s cea mai recentă AMA lovește acasă. În loc să concureze pe baza puterii computaționale brute, Vanar schimbă jocul într-unul bazat pe experiență.
API-ul Neutron face ca fiecare decizie, fiecare interacțiune a unui Agent, să fie o particulă de memorie verificabilă, pe lanț.
În trecut, cunoștințele AI-ului erau resetate după fiecare sarcină. Dar acum, Vanar a transformat AI-ul într-un model bazat pe acumulare, unde AI-ul nu uită – învață și crește.
Partea cea mai uimitoare? Această experiență poate fi transferată. Imaginează-ți că cumperi un „pachet de memorie” AI care este deja expert în împrumuturile DeFi. Cu doar un plug-in, AI-ul tău devine instantaneu un expert.
Și iată lovitura: În ciuda prețului actual de $0.006, piața nu a început nici măcar să exploateze potențialul assetizării memoriei.
Vanar evoluează de la vânzător de instrumente la vânzător de expertiză—și asta îi diferențiază. Pe măsură ce timpul trece, infrastructura lor va deveni de neînlocuit.
Dacă 2026 este anul inaugural pentru agenții AI, atunci Vanar pregătește scena pentru piața viitoare de talente pentru AI.
Analiza Pieței Solana (SOL): O Analiză Detaliată a Acțiunii Prețului pe Graficul de 1 Oră
Criptomoneda Solana ($SOL ) a experimentat recent o presiune descendentă, așa cum se reflectă în mișcarea prețului pe graficul de 1 oră. În prezent, tranzacționându-se la $80.18 (₹22,535.39), Solana a arătat o scădere notabilă de -4.79% în ultimele 24 de ore. Acest articol va analiza cea mai recentă acțiune a prețului, nivelurile cheie de suport și rezistență, și ce pot aștepta traderii în următoarele ore.
Tendința Prețului Actual
Conform celor mai recente date, prețul Solanei se află aproape de marca de $80.18. Privind înapoi, putem observa că criptomoneda a avut dificultăți în a menține niveluri mai ridicate, cu prețul căzând de la un vârf de $89.84 la valoarea actuală. Aceasta reprezintă o tendință clară de scădere în ultimele zile, semnalizând că vânzătorii au preluat controlul pieței.
XRP a înregistrat o scădere de 2.63%, acum tranzacționându-se la $1.3785. Urmăriți suportul în jurul valorii de $1.35, iar rezistența se află la $1.45.
Sfaturi Pro: XRP este cunoscut pentru break-uri puternice după consolidări. Această scădere poate prezenta oportunități de cumpărare pe termen lung.