Bitcoin (BTC)

Major Bitcoin Holdings Reported At Risk From Quantum Computing Threats

In Brief

ARK Invest and Unchained analyzed Bitcoin’s vulnerability to quantum computing threats.

The report provides exposure percentages for various address types and outlines mitigation strategies.

Implementation of quantum-resilient upgrades is tied to community-wide consensus on protocol changes.



Fatih Uçar6 hours ago



ARK Invest and Unchained have jointly published a white paper evaluating how much of the current Bitcoin supply could be compromised by advances in quantum computing. Both ARK Invest, a leading asset manager focusing on disruptive innovation, and Unchained, a US-based bitcoin financial services provider, regularly contribute research to the digital asset sector. Their new paper addresses the potential security risks quantum computers could pose to Bitcoin’s underlying cryptography.

Distribution Of Bitcoin’s Quantum Exposure

According to the analysis, approximately 34.6% of all existing bitcoins, a significant portion of the circulating supply, are still exposed to a possible quantum attack. This risk primarily arises from how the coins are stored and the visibility of their public keys. The report breaks down the exposure as follows: roughly 5 million BTC—about 25% of the total—are linked to addresses that have reused public keys, making them susceptible to a future cryptographic breach. In addition, about 1.7 million BTC, categorized as likely lost, reside in older pay-to-public-key (P2PK) addresses, which are more vulnerable due to direct public key linkage. Another 200,000 BTC are reported exposed through pay-to-taproot (P2TR) address types.

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